The term geotechnical refers to the practical applications of geology, typically for the purposes of civil engineering and mining. Most geotechnical companies take this science at apply it to designing earthworks and structure foundations, monitoring site conditions, and foundation construction. Generally, these projects involve subsurface site investigation of bedrock, soil, and fault distribution.

Geotechnical investigation is a process in which the physical properties of a site are assessed for the purpose of determining which uses of the site will be safe. Before land can be developed or redeveloped, geotechnical investigation is often required. This process is also required or recommended in the wake of incidents like earthquakes, the emergence of foundation cracks on land which was thought to be solid, and so forth. The goal of such investigation is to confirm that the land is safe to build on.

The nature of a geotechnical investigation can vary. Sometimes, a geologist simply visits the site and makes a visual assessment, taking note of any signs of problems or deviations from the surrounding area. In other cases, a geologist will take samples for the purpose of study so that he or she can learn more about the rock and soil composition at the site. Geotechnical investigation can also involve tests on the site which are designed to create a profile of subsurface conditions.

Geotechnical engineering is the practice of designing and building foundations for subsurface structures, including dams, tunnels, subways, and drainage systems. Professionals investigate ground conditions, determine the best strategies for excavation, and oversee the construction process. A successful building project requires the cooperation of skilled workers in many different specialty geotechnical jobs, including geologists, engineers, site managers, and construction workers. Most geotechnical jobs are found with municipal government organizations, private consulting and engineering firms, and specialized excavation companies.

Geotechnical investigation allows for a more informed foundation and structure design, adding to the cost effectiveness of the project. The larger the project, the bigger the investigation would be, and therefore, the greater the overall cost savings.

Geotechnical investigation may also be recommended to people who are considering the purchase of real estate during the phase of the transaction in which the property is inspected, so that if there is a serious problem with the site, people can cancel the deal.

Geotechnical companies work on construction projects determining the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of subsurface materials in order to assess the potential risks the condition of these materials might pose. Site investigations are crucial in order for the construction and geotechnical companies to develop a detailed knowledge base of the area where the engineering and building will take place.

Some of the details these investigations look for might include the assessment of the risk to people, property, and the environment from natural hazards like earthquakes, landslides, and sinkholes. The manner in which surface explorations are conducted can include geologic mapping, geophysical methods, and photogrammetry, a process by which geometric properties of items can be determined from a photograph. The type of foundations, earthworks, and pavement subgrades required for most construction projects are determined by geotechnical engineers. The nature of these construction projects are usually high-rise buildings, bridges, and tunnels. Geotechnical engineers and other civil engineers can also be called on to provide expertise at earthquake engineering, environmental engineering, and water resources engineering sites.

Building to be built in flood plains (flat lands not far from rivers) where thick layers of (mud) clays and silts. Places where there is a high water table within a few metres or at the surface. Places known to have lands movement including steep slopes. Places where excavation is required before construction.

A number of things can be a concern for geologists when evaluating a site which has been proposed for development. They may be concerned that the soil cannot safely support a structure, or that structures above a certain size could be dangerous.

Geotechnical investigation can also reveal issues which could be problematic in an earthquake, such as soils which are subject to liquefaction. The investigation could also be used to find a formation which would be capable of supporting development, such as bedrock which can be used as an anchor to reduce the risk of damage in an earthquake

A geotechnical engineer uses his education and experience to guard and maintain the earth's physical environment in conjunction with the development of major public and private projects. His expertise in civil engineering construction and design enable him to safely investigate and analyze sites and determine their present and future stability. These projects normally involve major changes to the physical environment, and often include tunneling and the construction of major structures like buildings, bridges, dams, airport runways, and towers.

The majority of a geotechnical engineer's job requires teamwork, as most projects also require the skills of geological engineers, hydrogeologists, and other earth science professionals. All these specialists contribute to gathering information to find solutions and address project challenges. This process often entails materials assessment, design research, and structural analysis to ensure the safest and most-cost effective choices are made.

Geotechnical engineering is the practice of designing and building foundations for subsurface structures, including dams, tunnels, subways, and drainage systems. Professionals investigate ground conditions, determine the best strategies for excavation, and oversee the construction process. A successful building project requires the cooperation of skilled workers in many different specialty geotechnical jobs, including geologists, engineers, site managers, and construction workers. Most geotechnical jobs are found with municipal government organizations, private consulting and engineering firms, and specialized excavation companies.

Geologists play a vital role in the planning stages for geotechnical engineering projects. A scientist will visit the planned building site to survey the ground, determining its contents and stability. He or she will take soil and rock samples to see if it will be safe to build in a certain area. The geologist considers a number of risk factors, such as the danger of earthquakes, landslides, and flooding. After confirming a site safe for construction, he or she usually writes a formal report to submit to landowners and engineers.